Why The Correct Label Matters

by Sarah Dodd, CCMGA Master Gardener

In recent years, the conversation around gardening and landscaping in North Texas has increasingly focused on the importance of native plants. Native species are often praised for supporting local ecosystems, conserving water, and reducing the need for pesticides and fertilizers, all key elements of Earth-Kind® practices. However, the terms "native" non-native," and "invasive" are sometimes used interchangeably or incorrectly, leading to general confusion. CCMGA hopes to clarify these terms for our local gardeners and discuss the distinction between truly invasive species and native plants with aggressive tendencies.

Defining Native, Non-Native, and Invasive Species

Native plants are species that have evolved and naturally occur in a specific region or ecosystem. In North Texas, this includes species like the Texas redbud (Cercis canadensis var. texensis) and the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). These plants are well adapted to local soil types, climate conditions, and the presence of native pollinators. As a result, they typically require less maintenance once established and play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity.

Non-native plants, on the other hand, are species that have been introduced to an area where they do not naturally occur. These introductions can be intentional, such as planting exotic ornamentals, or accidental, as when seeds are transported through global trade. Non-native plants are not inherently harmful; some can be beneficial in certain contexts. However, they generally do not support local wildlife as effectively as native plants and can disrupt the balance of local ecosystems.

In some cases, non-native plants are considered “adaptive” or “well-adapted” to local conditions, meaning they thrive in our environment, support local wildlife, and perform well in our soils and temperatures. CCMGA recommends native and adaptive plants based on extensive scientific testing and years of research conducted by Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Services. 

Invasive species are a subset of non-native plants that cause significant harm to the environment, economy, or human health. These species often have few natural predators in their new environment, allowing them to spread rapidly and outcompete native species. In North Texas, examples of invasive plants include the Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) and the Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). These species can choke out native plants, reduce biodiversity, and alter soil chemistry, making it difficult for native species to thrive.

Aggressive Native Plants: A Different Challenge

While invasive species receive much attention, it is also important to recognize that some native plants can become aggressive under certain conditions. Aggressive native plants spread rapidly and dominate an area, often to the detriment of other species and the patience of many gardeners. Unlike invasive species, these plants are part of the local ecosystem, but their growth habits can be problematic in managed landscapes.

For instance, the winged elm (Ulmus alata), native to the Brazos Valley region, can quickly expand its range during favorable conditions, particularly after heavy rainfall. Similarly, Gregg's mistflower (Conoclinium greggii), a popular choice for pollinator gardens, can spread aggressively if not properly managed. While these plants offer ecological benefits, gardeners must monitor their growth and take steps to control their spread when necessary. Cue the containers.

Why It Matters

Understanding the difference between invasive species and aggressive native plants is crucial for maintaining a healthy garden and ecosystem. Invasive species should be removed whenever possible to protect native biodiversity. On the other hand, aggressive native plants can be managed through regular pruning, selective thinning, or choosing less vigorous cultivars.

In Texas, adopting Earth-Kind® practices—such as selecting the right plant for the right place, conserving water, and reducing chemical inputs—can help create sustainable landscapes that benefit both people and wildlife. Before planting, it's essential to research the growth habits of any species and consider its potential impact on the local ecosystem. And if you want to hear the good, the bad, and the ugly, ask local gardeners about a particular plant (in person or via online chat boards). They’ll gladly share both the joys and frustrations that come with it.

Parting Words

By choosing native plants and managing aggressive species, North Texas gardeners can contribute to a healthier environment. For more information on invasive species and native plants, visit the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Databases, Texas Invasive Database and the National Invasive Species Information Center.

Sources:
National Invasive Species Information Center. “Invasive Species Impacts.” USDA.
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. “Native Plant Database.”
Audubon Society. “What’s the Difference Between Native, Non-Native, and Invasive Plants?”
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. “Invasive, Non-Native, and Native Texas Tree Species Explained.”